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Saint Odilo Catholic School Science The Illinois Learning Standards for Science were developed using the 1985 State Goals for Science, the National Science Education Standards, various other state and national works, and local education standards contributed by team members. Grade 8 The Illinois Learning Standards for Science provides goals and standards at the Middle/Junior High School level. In the Eighth Grade Science course, students continue to improve their knowledge of science and scientific concepts. Student also apply their knowledge to solving real world problems. |
| Earth and Space Science |
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STATE GOAL 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. Why This Goal Is Important: This goal is comprised of key concepts and principles in the life, physical and earth/space sciences that have considerable explanatory and predictive power for scientists and non-scientists alike. These ideas have been thoroughly studied and have stood the test of time. Knowing and being able to apply these concepts, principles and processes help students understand what they observe in nature and through scientific experimentation. A working knowledge of these concepts and principles allows students to relate new subject matter to material previously learned and to create deeper and more meaningful levels of understanding. As a result of their schooling students will be able to: E. Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its resources. 12.E.3a Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that affect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems (e.g., jetstream, hurricanes, plate tectonics). 12.E.3b Describe interactions between solid earth, oceans, atmosphere and organisms that have resulted in ongoing changes of Earth (e.g., erosion, El Nino). 12.E.3c Evaluate the biodegradability of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources. F. Know and apply concepts that explain the composition and structure of the universe and Earth's place in it. 12.F.3a Simulate, analyze and explain the effects of gravitational force in the solar system (e.g., orbital shape and speed, tides, spherical shape of the planets and moons). 12.F.3b Describe the organization and physical characteristics of the solar system (e.g., sun, planets, satellites, asteroids, comets). The Earth and Space Science unit includes properties of the Earth, moon, sun, solar system, and universe. |
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Universe: Measurement
The learner will be able to explore how the speed of light is used to measure distances in the Universe.
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Sample: Earth and Space Science
The learner will be able to This is a sample item. Please replace with an Objective or Competency that meets your specific curriculum requirements.
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Earth: Structure
The learner will be able to understand the structure of the Earth.
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Earth: Organisms
The learner will be able to understand how living organisms have affected the Earth.
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Rocks: Cycle
The learner will be able to explain the components of the rock cycle: erosion, transportation, deposition.
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Solar System: Components
The learner will be able to understand the components of the solar system: the sun, nine planets and their moons, asteroids, and comets.
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Solar System: Sun
The learner will be able to understand that our solar system is centered around the sun.
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Solar System: Earth's Position
The learner will be able to understand that the Earth is the third planet from the sun in the solar system.
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Solar System: Earth
The learner will be able to understand Earth as it exists in our solar system.
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Solar System: Motion
The learner will be able to understand that most objects in the solar system, such as planets, are in regular and predictable motion.
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Solar System: Models
The learner will be able to develop a model of our solar system.
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Solar System: Motion and Phenomena
The learner will be able to understand that the motions in the solar system explain certain phenomena, such as eclipses or phases of the moon.
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Gravity: Description
The learner will be able to understand that gravity is a force that pulls objects toward the center of the Earth.
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Gravity: Solar System
The learner will be able to understand that gravity is the force that maintains the orbit of planets around the sun.
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Gravity: Tides
The learner will be able to understand that gravity explains the tides phenomena.
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Gravity: Planets, Stars, Solar System
The learner will be able to understand the function of gravity in the development and preservation of planets, stars, and the solar system.
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Systems: Understand
The learner will be able to understand that there are many different systems, such as the water cycle or solar system, that exist in our world.
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Universe: Understand
The learner will be able to obtain an understanding of the universe.
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Universe: Relationship of Components
The learner will be able to define the components of the Universe and their relationship to one another.
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Seasons: Cause
The learner will be able to understand that the tilt of the Earth's rotation on its axis and the length of the day cause the sun's energy to hit the Earth in varying amounts. This phenomena causes the different seasons.
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Soil: Components
The learner will be able to understand that soil consists of weathered rocks and decomposed organic material.
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Soil: Layers
The learner will be able to understand that soil is often found in layers. Each layer of soil has a different chemical composition and texture.
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Atmosphere: Components
The learner will be able to understand that a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and trace gases that include water vapor makes up the atmosphere.
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Water Cycle: Definition
The learner will be able to understand that the water cycle moves water from the Earth's surface, to the atmosphere, and back to the Earth's surface.
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Water Cycle: Minerals and Gases
The learner will be able to understand that as water flows through the water cycle, it dissolves minerals and gases and carries them to the oceans.
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Earth: Plates
The learner will be able to understand that convection currents in the mantle cause the plates of the Earth to move.
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Earth: History
The learner will be able to understand the Earth's history.
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Earth: History/Influences
The learner will be able to understand how Earth's history has been influenced by catastrophes, such as the impact of a comet.
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Meteors and Comets: Origins
The learner will be able to compare and contrast the origin of meteors and comets.
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Meteors and Comets: Properties
The learner will be able to compare and contrast the physical properties of meteors and comets.
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Natural Phenomena: Humans/Hazards
The learner will be able to understand that some natural phenomena may be a hazard to humans. Such phenomena include earthquakes, landslides, fires, volcanic eruptions, and floods.
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Natural Phenomena: Humans/Acceleration
The learner will be able to understand that human activities, such as urban growth or waste disposal, can accelerate natural phenomena.
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Natural Phenomena: Humans/Society
The learner will be able to understand that natural phenomena present societal challenges to humans.
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Natural Phenomena: Humans/Risk Analysis
The learner will be able to understand that risk analysis contemplates the type of natural phenomena (e.g., earthquake) and estimates the number of people that may be affected. The results of such an analysis are used to determine options for reducing risks.
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Landforms
The learner will be able to understand that constructive and destructive forces create landforms.
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Landforms: Constructive Forces
The learner will be able to identify constructive forces, such as crustal deformation, volcanic eruption, or deposition of sediments.
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Earth: Layers
The learner will be able to understand the layers of the Earth: lithosphere, mantel, and core.
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Celestial Bodies: Compare/Contrast
The learner will be able to compare and contrast the celestial bodies within our own solar system.
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Earth/Space Science: Concepts
The learner will be able to comprehend the most pertinent ideas and principles of Earth/Space science.
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Earth/Space Science: Use
The learner will be able to use understanding of Earth/Space science in experiments and real world situations.
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Weathering: Destructive
The learner will be able to identify destructive forces, such as weathering or erosion.
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Weather: Influences On/Understand/Oceans
The learner will be able to understand that oceans affect weather and climate.
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Weather: Clouds/Affect
The learner will be able to understand that clouds affect weather and climate.
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Weather: Clouds/Understand/Formed
The learner will be able to understand that clouds are formed by condensation of water vapor.
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| Life Science |
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STATE GOAL 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. Why This Goal Is Important: This goal is comprised of key concepts and principles in the life, physical and earth/space sciences that have considerable explanatory and predictive power for scientists and non-scientists alike. These ideas have been thoroughly studied and have stood the test of time. Knowing and being able to apply these concepts, principles and processes help students understand what they observe in nature and through scientific experimentation. A working knowledge of these concepts and principles allows students to relate new subject matter to material previously learned and to create deeper and more meaningful levels of understanding. As a result of their schooling students will be able to: A. Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change. 12.A.3a Explain how cells function as "building blocks" of organisms and describe the requirements for cells to live. 12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.3c Compare and contrast how different forms and structures reflect different functions (e.g., similarities and differences among animals that fly, walk or swim; structures of plant cells and animal cells). B. Know and apply concepts that describe how living things interact with each other and with their environment. 12.B.3a Identify and classify biotic and abiotic factors in an environment that affect population density, habitat and placement of organisms in an energy pyramid. 12.B.3b Compare and assess features of organisms for their adaptive, competitive and survival potential (e.g., appendages, reproductive rates, camouflage, defensive structures). The Life Science unit includes organism characteristics, reproduction and heredity, human health, populations, life cycles, ecosystems, and the environment. |
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Ecosystems: Understand
The learner will be able to begin to understand ecosystems.
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Sample: Life Science
The learner will be able to This is a sample item. Please replace with an Objective or Competency that meets your specific curriculum requirements.
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Heredity: Explore Lineage
The learner will be able to explore the lineage of an organism for traits and other attributes.
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Living Things: Behavior
The learner will be able to explore how living things develop certain behaviors through both heredity and experience.
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Organisms: Characteristics
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of organisms' characteristics.
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Organisms: Environment/Understanding
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of organisms and the environments in which they live.
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Cells: Living Organisms
The learner will be able to understand that the basic unit of structure for all living organisms is the cell.
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Cells: Production
The learner will be able to understand that cells produce additional cells by growing and dividing.
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Living and Non-Living: Interaction
The learner will be able to discuss how living and non-living things interact with their environment.
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Living and Non-Living: Environment
The learner will be able to discuss how living and non-living things impact their environment.
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Living and Non-Living: Survival
The learner will be able to explain how the interaction of living and non-living things is necessary for the survival of living things.
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Living Things: Functions
The learner will be able to understand the functions of living things.
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Organisms
The learner will be able to understand that all organisms need to gather and process resources, grow, reproduce, and maintain stable internal conditions while the external environment constantly changes.
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Organisms: Adaptation and Diversity
The learner will be able to understand the adaptations and diversity of organisms.
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Organisms
The learner will be able to understand that millions of species of animals, plants, and microorganisms exist today.
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Reproduction
The learner will be able to understand that all living systems are able to reproduce.
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Reproduction: Asexual/Sexual
The learner will be able to understand that some organisms reproduce asexually, while others reproduce sexually.
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Reproduction: Eggs and Sperm
The learner will be able to understand that in many species the female produces eggs and the male produces sperm.
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Reproduction: Offspring Characteristics
The learner will be able to understand that a sexually produced offspring gets its characteristics from both the egg and sperm.
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Ecosystems: Definition
The learner will be able to understand that an ecosystem is comprised of all populations living together and the physical interaction among them.
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Environment: Degradation
The learner will be able to understand that degradation of the environment varies depending on the region and country.
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Environment: Quality
The learner will be able to develop an understanding about environmental quality.
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Fossils: Evidence of Life & Environm
The learner will be able to understand how fossils provide evidence of prehistoric life and environmental conditions.
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Fossils: Evidence of Extinct Species
The learner will be able to understand how fossils provide evidence of organisms that lived many years ago and are now extinct.
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Fossils: Evidence of Change
The learner will be able to analyze fossils to provide evidence of organism changes over time.
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Biology: Concepts
The learner will be able to comprehend the most pertinent ideas and principles of biology.
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Biology: Use
The learner will be able to use understanding of biology in experiments and real world situations.
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Heredity: Reproduction
The learner will be able to understand that heredity involves the passing of traits from the parents to their offspring.
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Heredity: Living Things
The learner will be able to understand the heredity of living things.
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Heredity: Breeding and Gregor Mendel
The learner will be able to associate the experiments of Gregor Mendel with selective breeding.
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Heredity: Probability
The learner will be able to explain probability relative to the study of heredity.
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Diseases: Causes
The learner will be able to understand that a disease is caused by the breakdown in structures or functions of an organism.
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Diseases: Microorganisms
The learner will be able to associate human disease with microorganisms, such as bacteria, that invade the body.
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Diseases: Transmitting
The learner will be able to understand how communicable diseases may be transmitted.
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Diseases: Sexually Transmitted
The learner will be able to understand that many diseases can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, but that precautions exist to limit exposure.
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Humans: Systems
The learner will be able to understand the different systems of the human organism: digestion, respiration, reproduction, circulation, excretion, coordination, and immune system.
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Cells: Energy
The learner will be able to understand that cells release or produce energy which organisms need to live.
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Systems: Components
The learner will be able to understand that a system contains organs, organs contain tissues, and tissues contain cells.
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Systems: Function and Structure
The learner will be able to understand the relationship between a system's function and structure.
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Systems: Organization
The learner will be able to understand the levels of organization for a system's functions and structure: cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, whole organisms, and ecosystems.
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Food Web: Definition
The learner will be able to understand that a food web is the relationship between producers, consumers, and decomposers.
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Species: Development and Survival
The learner will be able to understand how the development and survival of species is affected by different variables, such as natural selection or genetic defects.
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Species: Characteristics
The learner will be able to understand that many characteristics of a species are acquired through biological adaptation, such as changes to structure or behaviors.
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Species: Extinction
The learner will be able to understand that environmental changes and poor adaptation characteristics of a species may lead to extinction.
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Evolution: Species/Diversity
The learner will be able to understand that evolution accounts for the diversity of species, which change and develop through gradual processes over many generations.
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Evolution: Theory
The learner will be able to analyze how Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution.
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Circulatory System: Compare
The learner will be able to compare the circulatory system of a worm, a frog, and a human.
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Nervous System: Compare
The learner will be able to compare the nervous system of a worm, a frog, and a human.
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Human Hazards: Environmental
The learner will be able to understand that the environment contains substances, such as lead, that are harmful to humans.
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Human Hazards: Environmental
The learner will be able to understand that environment hazards can be contained through careful monitoring of soil, water, and air.
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Human Hazards: Natural/Risks
The learner will be able to understand the risks associated with natural hazards: fires, floods, tornadoes, volcanic eruption, earthquakes, etc.
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Human Hazards: Chemical/Risks
The learner will be able to understand the risks associated with chemical hazards: pollutants in the air, water, soil and food.
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Human Hazards: Biological/Risks
The learner will be able to understand the risks associated with biological hazards: pollen, viruses, bacterial, etc.
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Human Hazards: Social/Risks
The learner will be able to understand the risks associated with social hazards (e.g., transportation).
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Human Hazards: Personal/Risks
The learner will be able to understand the risks associated with personal hazards: smoking, drinking, dieting, etc.
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Heredity: DNA/Explain
The learner will be able to explain how the traits and characteristics of an organism are transmitted through DNA.
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Human Health: Safety Precautions
The learner will be able to understand the need for safety precautions and an awareness of potentially dangerous situations.
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Human Nutrition: Food
The learner will be able to understand that food supplies the energy a body needs to live and grow.
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Human Nutrition: Requirements
The learner will be able to understand that the nutritional requirements of humans varies based on weight, age, gender, activity, and other body functions.
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Human Substances: Abuse
The learner will be able to understand that certain substances, such as tobacco and alcohol, can damage the body and its functions.
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Human Substances: Tobacco
The learner will be able to understand that the use of tobacco increases the risk of illness in humans.
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Human Exercise: Importance
The learner will be able to understand that regular exercise is an important factor in the health of humans.
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Human Exercise: Benefits
The learner will be able to understand the benefits of exercise to the human body: healthy weight, energy, strong bones and muscles, strong heart and lungs, improved mental health.
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Human Health: Personal
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of personal health.
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Human Health: Personal/Community
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of personal and community health.
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Living Things: Behavior and Regulation
The learner will be able to understand the behavior and regulation of living things.
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Living Things: Regulation
The learner will be able to understand that regulation of a living thing's internal environment involves awareness of the internal environment and subsequent changing of physiological activities to keep conditions within the range required to survive.
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Living Things: Behavior
The learner will be able to understand that behavior is a response to an internal or environmental stimulus.
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Living Things: Behavior and Response
The learner will be able to understand that a behavioral response requires internal coordination and communication.
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Living Things: Behavior and Environment
The learner will be able to understand that a living thing evolves through its adaptation to the environment. For example, the way a species moves or gathers food is often based on the species' evolutionary history.
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Living Things: Population
The learner will be able to begin to understand populations.
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Living Things: Population
The learner will be able to understand that a population consists of all members of a species in a particular place at a particular time.
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Cells: Functions
The learner will be able to recognize that cells are specialized based on their function.
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Cells: Single Cell Organisms
The learner will be able to understand that most organisms are single cells, but that humans are multicellular.
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Ecosystems: Producers
The learner will be able to understand that the producers in an ecosystem make their own food.
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Ecosystems: Consumers
The learner will be able to understand that the consumers in an ecosystem obtain food by eating other organisms.
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Ecosystems: Decomposers
The learner will be able to understand that the decomposers in an ecosystem use waste materials and dead organisms for food.
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Ecosystems: Energy Source
The learner will be able to understand that the major source of energy for an ecosystem is sunlight.
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Ecosystems: Energy Transfer
The learner will be able to understand that sunlight entering an ecosystem is transferred by producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis. That energy then moves through the food web to all members of the ecosystem.
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Environment: Population
The learner will be able to understand that overpopulation can degrade the environment by depleting resources.
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Environment: Population
The learner will be able to show that s/he knows populations.
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Living Things: Structure
The learner will be able to understand the structure of living things.
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Organisms: Similarities
The learner will be able to understand that organisms that appear dissimilar may be very similar in internal structures, chemical processes, and ancestry.
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Structure and Function: Comprehend
The learner will be able to comprehend the relationship between an organisms structure and function.
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Ecosystems: Organisms/Number
The learner will be able to understand that the number of organisms that can survive in an ecosystem is dependent upon the available resources and abiotic factors, such as temperature or quality of water.
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Ecosystems: Population/Categorized
The learner will be able to understand that populations can be categorized by the function they serve in an ecosystem.
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Ecosystems: Population Functions
The learner will be able to understand that each population serves a function in the ecosystem: producer, consumer, decomposer.
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Ecosystems: Population Growth
The learner will be able to understand that populations within an ecosystem may grow rapidly when adequate biotic and abiotic resources are available.
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Ecosystems: Population Decline
The learner will be able to understand that populations within an ecosystem may stop growing or decrease in size when there are inadequate resources or other negative factors, such as predation or dramatic climate changes.
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Heredity: Traits/Understand/Influence
The learner will be able to understand that the properties of living organisms are influenced by heredity and environment.
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Genes: Understand/Located
The learner will be able to understand that genes are located in the chromosomes of each cell.
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Genes: Understand/Information
The learner will be able to understand that genes contain hereditary information.
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Genes: Understand/Unit of Information
The learner will be able to understand that a single gene carries a single unit of hereditary information.
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Immune: Explain/Components/Attack
The learner will be able to explain how the various components of the human immune system attack blood-borne pathogens and other foreign substances.
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Immune: Understand/Disease
The learner will be able to understand that the body's defense system, or immune system, can aid in preventing or overcoming a disease.
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Tissues: Understand/Cells/Group
The learner will be able to understand that a group of cells with similar structure and function are called tissues.
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| Physical Science |
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STATE GOAL 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences. Why This Goal Is Important: This goal is comprised of key concepts and principles in the life, physical and earth/space sciences that have considerable explanatory and predictive power for scientists and non-scientists alike. These ideas have been thoroughly studied and have stood the test of time. Knowing and being able to apply these concepts, principles and processes help students understand what they observe in nature and through scientific experimentation. A working knowledge of these concepts and principles allows students to relate new subject matter to material previously learned and to create deeper and more meaningful levels of understanding. As a result of their schooling students will be able to: C. Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them. 12.C.3a Explain interactions of energy with matter including changes of state and conservation of mass and energy. 12.C.3b Model and describe the chemical and physical characteristics of matter (e.g., atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, mixtures). D. Know and apply concepts that describe force and motion and the principles that explain them. 12.D.3a Explain and demonstrate how forces affect motion (e.g., action/reaction, equilibrium conditions, free-falling objects). 12.D.3b Explain the factors that affect the gravitational forces on objects (e.g., changes in mass, distance). The Physical Science unit includes atoms, chemical reactions, properties of objects, motion of objects, matter, chemical substances, energy, light, heat, electricity, magnetism, and force. |
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Light: Understand
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of light.
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Electricity: Understand
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of electricity.
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Sample: Physical Science
The learner will be able to This is a sample item. Please replace with an Objective or Competency that meets your specific curriculum requirements.
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Substances: Grouping
The learner will be able to understand that substances are grouped according to the way they react to certain elements.
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Atoms: Structure
The learner will be able to understand the structure of atoms.
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Matter: Uses
The learner will be able to analyze the properties of matter in relation to its use. For example, analyze the properties of tungsten in a light bulb filament.
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Chemical Reactions: Understand
The learner will be able to understand chemical reactions.
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Chemical Reactions: Word Equations
The learner will be able to explain chemical reactions in terms of word equations.
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Forces: Constant
The learner will be able to understand that an object not subjected to a force will move at a constant speed in a straight line.
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Forces: Unbalanced
The learner will be able to understand that unbalanced forces will cause a change in an object's speed or direction.
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Motion: Description
The learner will be able to understand that motion can be described by its position, direction, and/or speed.
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Heat: Understand
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of heat.
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Friction: Motion of Solids and Liquids
The learner will be able to associate friction to the motion of solids and liquids.
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Elements: Reactions
The learner will be able to understand that chemical elements do not break down during exposure to normal laboratory reactions involving heat, electrical current, or acids.
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Elements: Over 100
The learner will be able to understand that there are over one hundred known elements.
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Elements: Combining
The learner will be able to understand that combining elements produces compounds.
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Elements: Classify
The learner will be able to use atomic electron configuration to classify elements.
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Solubility Curves
The learner will be able to describe and apply information from solubility curves.
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Electricity: Circuits/Transfer Energy
The learner will be able to understand that electrical circuits transfer electrical energy when heat, light, sound, and chemical change are produced.
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Heat: Movement/Understand
The learner will be able to understand that heat moves in a predictable pattern, from warmer objects to cooler objects until one common temperature is reached.
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Substances: Properties
The learner will be able to understand that a substance has certain properties, such as density or solubility.
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Substances: Mixture
The learner will be able to understand that the original substances of a mixture can often be identified based on the substances' different properties.
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Substances: New
The learner will be able to understand that substances can be combined to create new substances.
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Substances: New
The learner will be able to understand that a new substance will have new physical and chemical properties.
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Sound: Speed
The learner will be able to associate different variables to the speed of sound waves.
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Periodic Table
The learner will be able to understand the relationship between the organization of the periodic table and its predictive nature.
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Light: Object/Sight
The learner will be able to understand that in order to see an object, light must be emitted by it or scattered from it.
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Light: Matter/Interaction
The learner will be able to understand how light interacts with matter via transmission (including refraction), absorption, or scattering (including refraction).
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Electrons: Bonding
The learner will be able to compare the functions of electrons in covalent, ionic, and metallic bonding.
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Reactions
The learner will be able to identify the factors that affect the rate of reaction, such as temperature or surface area.
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Bases: Identify
The learner will be able to identify bases.
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Salts: Identify
The learner will be able to identify salts.
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Acids: Identify
The learner will be able to identify acids.
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Energy: Transfer
The learner will be able to understand the transfer of energy.
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Energy: Transfer/Reactions
The learner will be able to understand that energy is transferred into or out of a system in most chemical and nuclear reactions.
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Forces: Motion/Relationship
The learner will be able to understand that there exists a relationship between force and motion.
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Forces: Motion
The learner will be able to understand forces and motion.
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Forces: Motion/Multiple Forces
The learner will be able to understand that multiple forces on an object will either reinforce or cancel each other, depending on the direction and magnitude of the forces.
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Energy: Source/Sun
The learner will be able to understand that the sun is a major source of energy.
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Physical Science: Concepts
The learner will be able to comprehend the most pertinent ideas and principles of physical science.
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Physical Science: Use
The learner will be able to use understanding of physical science in experiments and real world situations.
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Matter: Properties and Change
The learner will be able to understand the properties of matter and how those properties change.
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Energy: Develop/Understanding
The learner will be able to develop an understanding of energy.
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Energy: Understand/Associated
The learner will be able to understand that energy is associated with heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound, nuclei, and the nature of a chemical.
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Energy: Types/Understand/Sunlight
The learner will be able to understand that the sun's energy arrives at earth in the form of light.
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| Research and Inquiry |
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STATE GOAL 11: Understand the processes of scientific inquiry and technological design to investigate questions, conduct experiments and solve problems. Why This Goal Is Important: The inquiry process prepares learners to engage in science and apply methods of technological design. This understanding will enable students to pose questions, use models to enhance understanding, make predictions, gather and work with data, use appropriate measurement methods, analyze results, draw conclusions based on evidence, communicate their methods and results, and think about the implications of scientific research and technological problem solving. As a result of their schooling students will be able to: A. Know and apply the concepts, principles and processes of scientific inquiry. 11.A.3a Formulate hypotheses that can be tested by collecting data. 11.A.3b Conduct scientific experiments that control all but one variable. 11.A.3c Collect and record data accurately using consistent measuring and recording techniques and media. 11.A.3d Explain the existence of unexpected results in a data set. 11.A.3e Use data manipulation tools and quantitative (e.g., mean, mode, simple equations) and representational methods (e.g., simulations, image processing) to analyze measurements. 11.A.3f Interpret and represent results of analysis to produce findings. 11.A.3g Report and display the process and results of a scientific investigation. B. Know and apply the concepts, principles and processes of technological design. 11.B.3a Identify an actual design problem and establish criteria for determining the success of a solution. 11.B.3b Sketch, propose and compare design solutions to the problem considering available materials, tools, cost effectiveness and safety. 11.B.3c Select the most appropriate design and build a prototype or simulation. 11.B.3d Test the prototype using available materials, instruments and technology and record the data. 11.B.3e Evaluate the test results based on established criteria, note sources of error and recommend improvements. 11.B.3f Using available technology, report the relative success of the design based on the test results and criteria. STATE GOAL 13: Understand the relationships among science, technology and society in historical and contemporary contexts. Why This Goal Is Important: Understanding the nature and practices of science such as ensuring the validity and replicability of results, building upon the work of others and recognizing risks involved in experimentation gives learners a useful sense of the scientific enterprise. In addition, the relationships among science, technology and society give humans the ability to change and improve their surroundings. Learners who understand this relationship will be able to appreciate the efforts and effects of scientific discovery and applications of technology on their own lives and on the society in which we live. As a result of their schooling students will be able to: A. Know and apply the accepted practices of science. 13.A.3a Identify and reduce potential hazards in science activities (e.g., ventilation, handling chemicals). 13.A.3b Analyze historical and contemporary cases in which the work of science has been affected by both valid and biased scientific practices. 13.A.3c Explain what is similar and different about observational and experimental investigations B. Know and apply concepts that describe the interaction between science, technology and society. 13.B.3a Identify and explain ways that scientific knowledge and economics drive technological development. 13.B.3b Identify important contributions to science and technology that have been made by individuals and groups from various cultures. 13.B.3c Describe how occupations use scientific and technological knowledge and skills. 13.B.3d Analyze the interaction of resource acquisition, technological development and ecosystem impact (e.g., diamond, coal or gold mining; deforestation). 13.B.3e Identify advantages and disadvantages of natural resource conservation and management programs. 13.B.3f Apply classroom-developed criteria to determine the effects of policies on local science and technology issues (e.g., energy consumption, landfills, water quality). The Research and Inquiry unit includes the history and development of science and scientists, investigation techniques, the use of instruments in science, communication of scientific concepts, and real world issues that surround science, technology, and mathematics. |
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Explanations: Definition
The learner will be able to understand the components of a scientific explanation: experimental evidence, consistent arguments, scientific principles, models, and theories.
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Sample: Research and Inquiry
The learner will be able to This is a sample item. Please replace with an Objective or Competency that meets your specific curriculum requirements.
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Careers
The learner will be able to investigate how scientific inquiry may affect future career choices.
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Inquiry: Understanding
The learner will be able to begin to develop an understanding of scientific inquiries.
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Inquiry: Skills
The learner will be able to begin to develop the skills necessary to perform scientific inquiries.
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Evaluation: Components
The learner will be able to understand the components of an evaluation: review experimental procedures, examine the evidence, identify faulty reasoning, point out statements that exceed the evidence, suggest alternative explanations for the same observations.
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Science, Tech. & Society: Limits/Ris
The learner will be able to accept the limitations of science and technology. Likewise, students should understand that new technologies may decrease some risks while increasing other risks.
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Science: Perspectives/Human Endeavor
The learner will be able to view science as a human endeavor.
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Attitudes/Values: Develop/Endeavor
The learner will be able to develop an appreciation for science as a human endeavor.
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Communicate: Procedures
The learner will be able to communicate scientific procedures.
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Communicate: Explanations
The learner will be able to communicate scientific explanations.
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Communicate: Problem Solving Process
The learner will be able to communicate the problem solving process: identification of problem, solution design, implementation, and evaluation.
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Data: Gathering
The learner will be able to gather scientific data.
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Data: Tools & Technology for Gatheri
The learner will be able to understand that gathering data may require using tools and technology.
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Data: Interpreting
The learner will be able to interpret scientific data.
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Data: Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze scientific data to formulate a solution.
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Evidence and Explanations
The learner will be able to employ critical thinking skills to determine the relationship between evidence and explanations.
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Evidence and Explanations
The learner will be able to use scientific evidence to reach explanations.
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Evidence: Descriptions/Develop
The learner will be able to use scientific evidence to develop descriptions.
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Evidence: Predictions
The learner will be able to use scientific evidence to make predictions.
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Evidence: Models
The learner will be able to use scientific evidence to develop models.
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Explanations: Alternatives/Identify
The learner will be able to identify alternative explanations.
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Explanations: Use and Change
The learner will be able to understand that scientists use an explanation until a new explanation is discovered.
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Explanations: Alternatives/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze alternative explanations.
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Investigations: Scientific Knowledge
The learner will be able to understand that scientific investigations are driven by current knowledge.
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Investigations: Attributes
The learner will be able to understand the different attributes involved in an investigation, such as gathering, observing, or experimenting.
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Investigations: Understand/Lead to/New
The learner will be able to understand that scientific investigations often lead to new ideas and theories.
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Investigations: Planning/Scientific
The learner will be able to plan a scientific investigation.
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Questioning: Types
The learner will be able to understand the difference between scientific questions and other types of questions.
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Questioning: Skepticism
The learner will be able to understand that constructive skepticism is helpful in the advancement of science.
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Questioning: Investigations
The learner will be able to identify questions that may be answered through scientific investigations.
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Math & Science: Importance
The learner will be able to understand the importance of mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiries.
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Math & Science: Investigations/Apply
The learner will be able to use mathematics throughout scientific investigations.
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Math & Science: Thinking and Reasoni
The learner will be able to use thinking and reasoning skills to understand mathematical and scientific concepts.
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Problem Solving: Solution
The learner will be able to propose a solution to a real-world problem.
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Problem Solving: Implementation
The learner will be able to implement a proposed solution or design using the necessary steps: organize materials and resources, plan out their work, work as a team and/or individually, select and use appropriate instruments and techniques, and work with appropriate measurement methods.
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Problem Solving: Constraints
The learner will be able to recognize that solutions to a problem may have restrictions or constraints, such as costs or materials.
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Problem Solving: Constraints/Communicate
The learner will be able to use drawings and models to communicate the constraints of a proposed solution.
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Problem Solving: Modifications
The learner will be able to evaluate the results of a problem and offer improvements or modifications when appropriate.
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Problem Solving: Evaluation
The learner will be able to evaluate the results of a problem based on the relevance to original purpose of the design, the factors that may affect acceptability and suitability for intended users, and the measures of quality.
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Science
The learner will be able to begin to develop an understanding of the nature of science.
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Science, Tech. & Society: Men/Women
The learner will be able to understand that both men and woman have contributed to science and technology.
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Society
The learner will be able to understand the societal perspective of populations, resources, and environments.
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Society: Natural Hazards
The learner will be able to understand how natural hazards affect society.
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Society: Concepts
The learner will be able to comprehend the most pertinent ideas and principles of science that effect society.
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Society
The learner will be able to apply scientific discoveries to social and ethical perspectives.
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Inquiry: Principles
The learner will be able to understand the principles of scientific inquiry.
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Inquiry: Components
The learner will be able to understand the different components of a scientific inquiry: evaluate results of investigations, experiments, observations, theoretical models, and scientific theories.
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Inquiry: Exhibit/Ability/Conduct
The learner will be able to exhibit the ability to conduct science inquiry.
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Science & Technology: Understanding
The learner will be able to begin to develop an understanding of the relationship between science and technology.
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Science & Technology: Relate
The learner will be able to understand how science and technology relate to each other.
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Science & Technology: Working Togeth
The learner will be able to understand how science and technology work together. Science helps drive technology by proposing more complicated questions that require new equipment and instruments. Technology is essential to science because it provides the instruments and techniques that enable scientists to observe objects and phenomena that were once unobservable due to size, quantity, speed, location, or distance.
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Science & Technology: Compare/Contra
The learner will be able to understand the similarities and differences between scientific inquiry and technological design.
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Scientists: Description/Background
The learner will be able to understand that scientists are of different backgrounds, interests, races, and genders.
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Scientists: Qualities
The learner will be able to understand the qualities necessary for scientists: insight, reasoning, energy, skill, and creativity. In addition, scientists must be open minded, honest, and have a tolerance for ambiguity and skepticism.
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Scientists: Learn From
The learner will be able to study individual scientists to learn more about inquiry, the nature of science, and the relationship between science and society.
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Science: History
The learner will be able to begin to develop an understanding of the history of science.
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Science: History/Comprehend
The learner will be able to comprehend the history of science.
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Science: History
The learner will be able to review the history of science to see how difficult it was for scientific innovators to change the accepted ideas of their time to reach the conclusions we now applaud.
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Society: Benefits & Risks/Analyze
The learner will be able to understand how society analyzes risks and benefits.
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Society: Benefits & Risks/Analyze
The learner will be able to understand that individuals use critical thinking to analyze risks and benefits.
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Society: Benefits & Risks/Decisions
The learner will be able to understand that personal and societal decisions are based on perceptions of risks and benefits.
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Impact on Society: Understand/Knowledge
The learner will be able to understand how science influences society though knowledge.
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Impact on Society: Understand/Effects
The learner will be able to understand that science has both beneficial and detrimental effects on society.
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Impact on Society: Understand
The learner will be able to understand how technology's products and processes influence society.
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Science, Tech. & Society: Limits
The learner will be able to understand that science and technology cannot solve all human problems nor meet all human needs.
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Technology: Design/Comprehend
The learner will be able to comprehend technological design.
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Technology: Design
The learner will be able to begin to develop the abilities necessary for technological design.
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Technology: Design/Problems
The learner will be able to identify problems associated with a technological design.
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Technology: Design Constraints
The learner will be able to understand that technological designs have constraints, such as properties of materials or human safety.
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Technology: Design/Analyze/Limit
The learner will be able to analyze the limitation on design of technology, including physical, ethical and social limitations.
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Technology: Investigation
The learner will be able to understand how scientists use technology to analyze and quantify the results of an investigation.
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Technology: Solutions/Temporary
The learner will be able to understand that due to natural forces, technological solutions are temporary.
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Technology: Solutions/Understand/Perfect
The learner will be able to understand that technological solutions are not perfect. All technological solutions are plagued by various factors, such as safety, cost, efficiency, and appearance.
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Scientific Theories: Understand/Change
The learner will be able to understand that scientific theories and results continually change based on new investigations.
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Investigations: Perform
The learner will be able to perform a scientific investigation.
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Science: Areas/Scientists/Abilities
The learner will be able to understand that different fields of science require their scientists to possess different abilities.
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Scientists: Engineers
The learner will be able to understand that a scientist proposes explanations for questions about the natural world. Engineers, on the other hand, propose solutions relating to human problems, needs, and ambitions.
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Scientists: Engineers/Work Environment
The learner will be able to understand the different work environments of scientists and engineers: colleges and universities, business, research institutions, and government agencies.
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Scientists: Engineers/Understand/Culture
The learner will be able to understand that many cultures highly regard scientists and engineers.
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Science: Knowledge/Understand/Nature
The learner will be able to understand the nature of scientific understandings.
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Technology: Benefits/Consequences
The learner will be able to understand that technological solutions have benefits and consequences. Some consequences can be predicted, while others cannot.
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Predictions: Alternative/Identify
The learner will be able to identify alternative predictions.
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Predictions: Alternative/Analyze
The learner will be able to analyze alternative predictions.
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Ethics: Understand/Humans
The learner will be able to understand the ethical codes scientists and engineers adhere to regarding the use of humans in experiments and research.
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Technology: Data/Understand/Accuracy
The learner will be able to understand that technology used to gather data often improves the accuracy.
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Society: Research/Understand
The learner will be able to understand how societal challenges and priorities often influence scientific research.
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Economics: Understand/Contributed/Growth
The learner will be able to understand that science and technology have contributed to the economic growth of societies.
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Quality of Life: Understand/Interact
The learner will be able to understand how technology influences the quality of life and the way people interact with one another.
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Scientists: Methodology/Communicate
The learner will be able to understand that scientists work both individually and as teams, but all communicate extensively with one another.
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Scientists: Methodology/Disagree
The learner will be able to understand that scientists often disagree on the explanations of natural phenomena, interpretations of data, and theories. Scientists do agree that questioning, responding to criticism, and communication are vital to the scientific process.
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Scientists: Methodology/Conflicts
The learner will be able to understand that scientists often differ with one another regarding the interpretation of evidence. These conflicts often lead to more extensive research in hopes of resolving the disagreement.
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Scientists: Methodology/Use
The learner will be able to understand that scientists use observation, experiments, and theoretical and mathematical models to formulate and test their explanations of nature.
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Science: Daily Life/Investigate/Affect
The learner will be able to investigate how scientific inquiry may affect everyday life.
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Relationship: Understand
The learner will be able to understand the relationship between science, technology and society.
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Tech. & Society: Understand/Changes
The learner will be able to understand that technological changes are often accompanied by social, political, and economical changes.
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